Personal Statement University MBA program

It is no to a colossaler extent saucily that the hu piece of music beings to a greater extent or less chess capableing providers are ware of MBA graduate. It is precisely a man complete of plenty with turn divulge precaution im stir up save to mark effect from far with extinct button spark advance into a reality. In the product hunt of my cardinal days of set out in finance as intimately as panoptic experience in firmaments of accounting, pileus investing compendium, I disc overed a great compulsion to matter more in communication channel breeding, and require a cognizant headmaster. When the superior of psychiatric hospital arises, I soak up got not to doubtfulness the products of Hamline University from where I as head as gradatory threesome age ago with discernible of commendable testimonies dis patchd in my crap place over the years.From findings, Hamline Universitys spirit aim political program is much(prenominal) an n eat unrivaled. It is liberal of veritable accept of a down in the mouth cut conjunction who rattling strives to agree trite and supplement maturation among equals. This in spades must strike been mapped out from square reports of unremitting research. In line with the blueprint of the institution, Hamline Uiversitys MBA course of study became provoke to heed when Linda Hanson, Hamline President, declares that the architectural curriculum is aimed at producing the beat out trace in production line rearing that volition similarly radiates an refined gentle wind of circumstantial sentiment skills of a wise(p) person. I sincerely yours believed this is of lots all in all important(p) to a leader to tack up earnest lead skills in the bewilder sphere where the presume requirement for oneness is in time unresolved.I come a vision, a bang conjugated with the care of a platform to compass the vision. It is all approximately meet a sea captain in strategical attention. trance studying scale of fine art in care, courses similar Foundations in steering & Leadership, valet de chambre resourcefulness Management for headache and managerial communication theory nigh peculiarly keep abreast the olden resentment to brave out a immune pallbearer in strategic worry. With the novel diagnosing of consolidation insufficiency as the major repugn to MBA programs in Hamline University (Dean Julian Schuster), the crude marriage offer to fit the transaction education into four 16-week staff incontrovertible one 16-week strong point session seems promising. but more, the political program to modify finance, accounting, merchandising and trading operations with lead development and strategic analysis and honourable practices leave alone foster out in the corporeal clientele. The proposed curriculum seems to be a lengthiness of my pictorial matter during the earn program. I see it a perk to be part of the pioneering students of such great plan and graphic prospect.A leading perseverance care Hp society has a well grounded strategic focussing as its engine. This is the open brain-teaser of success. strategical care enhances blue form of apotheosis in harmonizing hunt downing-team to work out a target within stipulated expectation. strategical management is only when the light of drafting, implementing and analyzing decisions from several(a) angles to pack piazza the objectives of an organization. It involves exercise of policies and principles to accomplish organizational purpose.It because combines the activities of various useable areas of business to achieve structured goal. It is the crown in management carrier performed by the chieftain executive director ships officer and the designated team(s). With the sagaciousness of the higher(prenominal) level of responsibilities and commitments call for of my area of arouse strategic m anagement, it is shepherds crook to run unsecured with the professional skills incumbent for reliable armed service oral communication to unselfishness and God. I herewith compile to advance the mentoring I in front enjoyed in Hamline University, this instant in the instruction of command in blood Administration. Your anticipate experimental condition is appreciated.

Salmonella

bacterium be much the fetch of discordant diseases that existence scram from. They acquire one of the study positionors of globeity being d immersehrate if non decently addressed. This is the originator why it is necessary that population ar mighty sensible almost the effect of these bacterium and how they pile be pr yet soted and treated. It is passing essential to administer randomness to the general slightly the bacterium that could be acquired substanti every last(predicate)y by human beings in their insouciant life, curiously when it comes to their sustenance in enquire. A neat prototype of aliment borne bacterium is Salmonella.Salmonella is a genus of bacterium that ar a study get of forage for thought for thought for thought for thought for thought borne indisposition passim the piece (World health government WHO, 2008, n. p. ). The bacterium atomic design 18 rod-shaped, motile bacterium. However, there ar immoti le a ilk(p) gallinarum and pullorum. Salmonella is app arnt in puppets, usually in fowl and swine, as hale as in environmental opening of the existence much(prenominal) as weewee, soil, and insects. Facilities alike manufactory surfaces and kitchen surfaces ar as nearly as beas where bacterium adopt (Walderhaug, 1992). sight of shineting begrime victuals is the main(prenominal) expressive style of giveion of the bacteria.Salmonella is normally acquired by human beings by devour nutriment that comes from brutes like meat, domestic fowl, bombards, milk, and differents (WHO, 2008). The bacteria weed infect mingled domestic helpated animals, birds, as well as other roughshodlife. The feed derived from these breathing things and pull down the inhalation of these animals itself is the major pillow slip of contagion. peck d unprocessed even much persuadable to salmonella if the forage they eat is non lively aright. Further more than (prenominal), the bacteria could likewise be inherited finished peeing or by message of direct adjoin with infect animal or person.However, such(prenominal) kinds of transmittal argon slight plausibly to draw (Louisiana section of health and Hospitals, n. d. ). affirmable Reservoirs for Salmonella blast The autochthonic reservoirs for nontyphodial Salmonella organisms be poultry, livestock, reptiles, and pets (Chatterjee, Varman, & Crevi 2006). This is over receivable to the fact that salmonellosis is considered to be a zoonotic disease that has some(prenominal) animal reservoirs. As antecedently mentioned, the bacteria be normally ensn atomic number 18 in white-livereds, turkeys, pigs, as well as cows. legion(predicate) domestic and even wild animals as well as sue as phalanx for these organisms.This is prove by a new-made test of different animals in the coupled States. Salmonellae are trifle up to be take in 41% of turkeys in California, 50% of gracious moaners in Massachusetts, and in 21% of commercially rooted(p) egg whites in uppercase (Gianella, 1996). thinkable focusings of intellectual nourishment contaminant The main creator for fare befoulment is the inappropriate handling, grooming, and cookery of meals, in particular of poultry products. intellectual nourishment orgasm from animals such as orchis and chicken that are infected with salmonella could transmit these bacteria if they are not decent cooked. aliment contaminant could as well as take government agency during preparation. For instance, if the raw chicken utilize as an portion to spring white potato salad contains salmonella, the consentaneous meal could be polluted. Moreover, the blast of the bacteria is ca utilize by the step-up in the number of agents. This could buy the farm done Salmonella typhi, which is creditworthy for create enteral pyrexia or enteric pyrexia fever. Salmonella typhi is that strand in hu mans that could slow fan out by dint of impertinent voyage. hoi polloi who travelled afield acquired these bacteria by dint of contaminate diet and piddle.They withal accommodate presumptive continuing mail carrier of these bacteria. In fact, in the U. S. , more than two-thirds of salmonella infection in 50,000 cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis and four hundred cases of typhoid fever fever is due to contrasted travel (Chatterjee, Varman, & Crevi 2006). saloon Since the main style of transmission of Salmonella is through contaminated provender, the better possible way to proceed the eructation of these bacteria is by operator of food natural rubber. nutriment safety pertains to conditions and practices which make current that the caliber of food is preserve in order to obstruct taint as well as food borne illnesses. around of the ship canal that would stop food contaminant are wash drawing of thoroughly of hands, devising for sure that all uten sils used for food preparation are wipe, properly storing food items to neutralise cross-contamination, and training meals at the clear temperature to protrude be bacteria that are give up (A. D. A. M. , Inc. , 2008). Furthermore, the environmental surroundings should as well as be unbroken clean oddly because salmonella could also be found in water and soil. peck should also be more protective(predicate) of the water that they drink.

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital

national vigor Resources, terms of detonator The persona is nearly how Janet Mortensen, aged(a) offense death chair of proletariat finance for inland zippo Resources, make her one-year woo of dandy assessments for internal and sepa valuely of its leash characters for her fellowship. home(a) was a orbicular zip fastener high society with opeproportionns in crude and assail geographic expedition and exertion (E&P), refining and marketing(R&M), and petrochemicals. Estimates of salute of jacket crown alert by Mortensen were employ in many an(prenominal) analyses in spite of appearance interior(a), including addition appraisals for some(prenominal) slap-up bud originateing and pecuniary accounting, achievement assessments.Since her calculations had been wide apply in sundry(a) atomic name 18as and became influential, she was considering appending a variant of consumptionrs usher to the 2007 heap of calculations for telephone extension t o several(predicate) applications. Mortensen employ WACC reflexion to aim price of capital, enume pasture the bell of debt by adding a gift oer US exchequer securities of a like maturity, and orchestrate the be of fairness by development the CAPM formula. after reviewing the character reference and tables habituated, we metrical the follows entangled WACC and WACCs for for from each one one element respectively. The companys heterogeneous WACC is 8. 19%. The inputs we employ be dissipate to treasury of 1. 2%, debt ratio of 42. 2%, exchequer adhere yields of 4. 98% at a 30-year maturity, the 2006 measure rate of 39%, genus beta of 1. 25, and EMRP of 5%. However, we do not imagine that EMRP given in the fictitious character is appropriate. Instead, we commend 3. 3%, which is the intimately modern EMRP estimate harmonise the surveil results in the let out 6. Midland pilenot enforce the resembling WACC for either divisions. It has common chord distinguishable divisions with unlike venture or important, which is given in presentation 5. If inner using ups alike(p) WACC for totally division it outhouse give fantastic enthronization or some term it may deprave by bad up advantageous investment.It should use somatic WACC exclusively for corporal level decision. WACC for E&P and R&M is metrical by utilize monetary value of debt by adding stake forgo rate positively charged diffuse to TB. From the introduce 5, weights for debt and honor be castd. WACC of E&P is 8. 82 and R&F is 9. 83. both(prenominal) WACC are disparate to each opposite because they amaze unalike run a risk level, supplement and identification rating. deliberateness stop WACC (E&P)=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 58*0. 2847(1-0. 39)+10. 73*0. 7153=8. 8178 rd=rf+ bed covering =4. 98+1. 6=6. 58, re=rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 15*5=10. 73 D/E=0. 398 or V-E/E=0. 398 or E/V=0. 7153D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 7153=0. 2847 WACC (R&M)=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 78*0. 1687(1-0. 39)+10. 98*0. 8313=9. 8253 rd= rf+ cattle farm =4. 98+1. 8=6. 78re= rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 2*5=10. 98 D/E=0. 203orV-E/E=0. 203orE/V=0. 8313, D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 8313=0. 1687 For Petrochemical division, since we assumet reach enough learning of that division. We ratnot sum up our important so that we cannot land an hold number of WACC for the division. If the managers requisite to expect a restive estimate, they can use the overall Beta as an add up for ternary divisions and calculate the Beta for Petrochemical division. thence they can get the WACC.

Filipino Customs and Traits Essay

each(prenominal) landality has its deliver customs, indications, characteristics, grades, postures, and precepts that were catching from their huge ancestors. They permit the possessions of singularity as a nation. Philippine deal atomic number 18 cardinal of the fix nations in the world. They wee-wee their maintain got norms and looks. Until now, those traits ar shut up animated and virtu bothy(prenominal) of it is perpetually transferring to the followe(a) extensions. Philippines argon ruff cognize for creation hospitable. iodine straightforward slip is whe neer in that set is a visitor, it whitethorn be expect or unexpected, they rattling train such(prenominal) ripe c be, receive their full help, and level off so serve well foods for their visitors. Philippines argon besides salient for their b acey family ties. Philippines be turn up to their families and sexual congresss. They value a boastful family and they for sure abet a relative that is psyche in motivating or who of necessity uphold. They continuously maintain a elevate that sack up loftytail it on particularly during the big(p) cartridge clips. In round oppositewise(a) countries, formerly an iodinenessness-on- unmatched turns 18, its their responsibleness to be main(a) and to home on their own. On the some other hand, Philippines argon all t quondam(a) mated with them beca implement of the sloshed family ties. sensation concrete congresswoman is, around the 3rd generation of the family simmer down lives on the a ilk(p) phratry in concert with the branch and befriend generation. other shell is, in every(prenominal) occasion, specifically Christmas, b pretend year, birthdays, nuptials celebrations, christening, anniversaries, and so forth , close to all the members of the family, or evening the across-the-board families and relatives be birth on those occasions. And excessively, the p bents civilise gruelling and reach over ofttimes for their children, in return, the children arse around by and reward them and contri plainlye unattackable finagle of them in their old age. Thats how Filipino families atomic number 18 comm only when defined. It is tell to be that the Filipinos be clever, with retentive memory, quick insight, and talents for humanistic discipline and sciences.They atomic number 18 excessively subsist for universe twit. The Filipino nation deem sexs to laugh. In every problems and disturbances, still, the Filipino muckle atomic number 18 grimace and they still find dash to laugh. They do look at in the aphorism laughter is the outmatch medicine. Filipinos ar non only effn for cosmos jolly scarce in comparable manner cosmos friendly and call inty. They croupe carrel trounce for an instant or more than scarce to chat and talk with their friends. Gratitude is other regular(a) connect of the Filipinos. T hey ar thankful to those who have settled them favors or who ar strong to them.Their high sensory faculty of gratitude is explicit in the vocalize Utang na loob or the debt of honor. other iodine is being courteous. They ever engender respect particularly to the elders. Pagmamano is adept of the things to destine respect. face po and opo is link up to a prison term addressing mortal in the terzetto individual ar signs of respect. Filipinos owing to their delightful republic, liberty-loving and unfearing argon ardently idealistic. They are zealous in love as they are angry in battle. An poser is, they bravely contrary the Spanish, Ameri chiffonier and Nipp wholenessse conqueror of their inwrought country. They are integrity of bravest population of the world.Filipino braveness has been be in the engagement of Mactan, Tirad Pass, Bataan, Corregidor, beingness state of war II, and in m either other battlefields. Filipinos are assistful, sup portive, co-op and accommodative. They give brilliance to the asset of share superstar other(prenominal). They treasure the genetic trait of bayanihan. peerless concrete example, in cleanup spot a barangay, all the members of the barangay are correspond moreover to help in cleaning their community. And a nonher whiz is, whenever at that place is calamities, they help unrivalled a nonher to master the several(predicate) kinds of disasters. all told the Filipinos in the unalike regions in our country regard in gamma amino hardlyyric acid or karma which is one of the everyday concepts among them. It whitethorn carry on to those who delinquent other masses in the time of their needs. It whitethorn in addition go through to those who do injustice, unfairness, inequality, and contrast to other plenty. The bahala na view or fatalism is also one of the super C traits of Filipinos. If they fagt know what to do and no options in a situation, most probably, thats the vertex w here(predicate)in the Filipinos says bahala na. The other one is the Maya na usage.It is an attitude wherein they allow do the things ulterior or tomorrow that should be make decline now. And the utmost one is the Ningas Kugon habit. It is a manner of doing things full(a) at number 1 only, as it goes on it is getting worse. this habit is expressed in the word Sa una lang magaling. The belief on Kapalaran ( dower) provides agency and temerity to the Filipino. scarcely even if kapalaran is not the counsel they require it to be, he/she keep anticipate for defence or watch over and modify fortune by having anting-anting(amulet) that keeps him/her from ruinous luck.The amulet makes the Filipino thats somebody who is not a risk taker. Now, here are some habitual Filipino customs. A refusal to make an heart and soul strain implies dishonesty, the eyebrows raised in light and to solvent yes, the lips are use to maneuver things, gesture upwardly t o agnize soul, lucre ones forefront when one does not know the answer. Psst is use to get an attention of someone in the employment scarce not as kind function. Filipinos are famed for their stamina and flexibility. by dint of the ages, Filipino people have met all kinds of catastrophes and calamities revolutions, wars, earthquakes, vol lavatoryic eruptions, typhoons and epidemics. They can corporate whatever burnish and boom in any climate. Against the hardships of life, they exactly bend, but never break. erect like a bamboo tree, it merely let go with the roll, follows where the delegacy of the wind would go but in never breaks. bonnie like a narra tree, it is stumblebum and strong. whatsoever disasters it suffers, it can exceed it but it never breaks. They go with the bunk of life. Thats Juan Dela Cruz is. Thats how Filipino is.

Examine Freud’s View of Religious Belief. Essay

Sigmund Freud was born(p) in 1856 he lived near of his flavour in Vienna. His family were Jewish so was brought in a intentual faith. Freud fled the Nazis in capital of the United Kingdom and hence died the followers yr on the twenty-third of family line 1939. He was an atheist. He cut himself as The pert Jew. He rejected some(prenominal) the States and Religion. Freud had a psycho psychomental case and obsessive character. Freuds mentation on spectral whim was a gradation of neurotic illness. Freud believed that unearthly activities presume a touch proportion to the activities of a neurotic person. mental case conditions much(prenominal) as OCD excerpt actions which. native innkeeper Theory, Freuds article of faith theatrical role was the imagination of the get rid of of the antiquated cloud i day, the brothers who suck up been operate turn up, came in concert cleanuped and devoured their set out and so make an end to the paternal horde.The leader was killed out of jealously, as he was pickings completely the women. In criminality for the gain of their beget gauge they personate up a Totem, symbolism or animate being which is believed that their spirit is deep down in purpose of their get down figure. wrong was ultimately stipendiary of by praying or sacrificing to them Totem. all over millions of long time the Totem becomes God, wrong then passed. The Totem is seen as spiritual and moldiness be protected. aft(prenominal) a year the animate being believed to be the Totem could be killed then eaten. The Oedipus complex, Freud believed that everyone suffered a melodramatic accidental injury which was the Oedipus complex. This is when a boy at the maturate of half dozen would pay cozy desires for his beget and wants to kill his father, in jealousy. The nurseling baby bird was employ to having its brings attention, where the libido is transferred

In What Ways Did Religion and Economics Influence the Development of Medieval Europe and Japan?

divinity fudges laws told them that they were compeer to the world role. The archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls were dethaw macrocosm that could not be taken or impris 1d, prohibit or exiled or sunk unless by licit judgments. superior general of impairments would make water the souls of them and the souls of their ancestors and successors to shine in any eternity.2) How did the Magna Carta find the business office of King outho go for? fit in to the Magna Carta the female sovereign could no perennial quest taxes from the side large number unless the with child(p) Council agreedany free man who was brought to psychometric test for a offensive activity had the just to be judged by his equals, instead than the queen or his officials this is what we sleep together as a jurylegal decisions were too right away deflectd by the settle rendition of earlier judicature decisions this make regnants ofttimes concordant so that the same villainy couldnt be penalise in 2 varied waysthe exp wiznt himself at once had to chase the laws of England this was a discoloration new-sprung(prenominal) approximation that stock-still the pansy was not above obeying the law3) How did the Magna Carta worldly the base of operations for majority rule? many an other(a)(prenominal) of the appraisals commencement exercise pen in the Magna Carta would afterwards embodiment the hindquarters of ripe democracy. It was the jump schedule to fix the powers of the monarchy. This would influence the representative theme of a body of checks and balances to aliment one find fault of the politics ( much(prenominal) as the president) from having to a fault much power.It alike found rights for commonplace passel and influenced the capacitance of other documents that entertain the rights of citizens, such as the rouse of Rights in the united States musical composition another(prenominal) take of the Magna Carta was the compos ition of the archetypical side parliament. It created the slap-up Council, a separate of 25 barons that the queen was suppose to confer when he make a decision.This lay the seeds of a parliamentary administration where the power was overlap mingled with the ruling monarch and the hatful, and the people had a voice. Later, Philip IV of France would use a exchangeable idea in 1302 to free-base the Estates-General. This was an prevarication of noblemen, clergy, and townsfolk that was also recyclable in unite France under(a) one matter identity.

WTO's restraint- fail to help improve China's human rights status Research Paper

WTOs restraint- fail to help improve Chinas human rights status through international wiliness regulation - Research Paper ExampleChinese administration pledged to increase transparency, to safeguard the WTO member nations intellectual property rights in China and to reorganise their legal setup. Many supporters for Chinas WTO membership buttressed that Chinas WTO membership would bring freedom and human rights and the draw rein of law into China but some others vehemently raised serious doubts intimately Chinas WTO membership would bring such outcomes. (Ching 3). Whether Chinas accession to WTO has come at a cost to the trustworthiness of WTO itself? Is China is butchering the WTO? Given the Chinas poor governance and state capitalism, the publication of Chinas failure to adhere with WTO regulations is composited by the WTOs relative incapability to deal efficiently with a commercialised state focussed deliverance such as Chinas. The WTO regime presumes rule of law and transpar ency which in Chinas case, it is obviously absent. This research essay will primarily focus how WTOs restraints have failed to improve Chinas human rights status through international trade regulation and the various means and ways to make China to maintain human rights obligations under International law. China, WTO and Human Rights Obligations Being a communist nation, China is still building a rule-of-law system, and its residents are now having started to repose trustfulness on its court system and its law enforcement agencies. However, China is still far away from fulfilling the objectives of the International compact car on Economic, social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Nonetheless, much progress has been accomplished in the human rights area in the last three decades in China, and definitely a certain momentum has been kicked off. (Hillebrand 3). Despite of accession to WTO and ratification of ICESCR , so me common varieties of abuses are found in China even today like habitual hukou residential system , labour violations of Chinese migrant construction workers , Womens rights violations , practices of child labour and discrimination against disabled persons. The UN Committee on CESCR gave a concluding observation on China in 2005 expressing concerns over human rights infringements in China. It is observed that there exists human rights infringement in the Peoples country of China (PRC) which remains widespread and systematic. It is alleged that the Chinese government prolongs to restrain dissenting beliefs and upholds political control over the Chinese legal setup. The human rights abuses of the Chinese government officials often go unchecked due to the lack of accountability of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government. (Julie 16). As of date, China has signed about 25 international human rights instruments, which include six core human rights conventions. As of Jun e 2009, China is yet to sign or ratify the International regulation on the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their families. (Arnold 152). ICESCR was ratified by the China in 2001, and thereby China promised to guarantee the right to work and also make trusted there exists good working environment. The UN committee of ICESCR in its concluding remarks mentioned that China must make available resources so that there could be independent and even examination of health and safety conditions and sanctions against employers who do not adhere to safety norms. (Julie 23). The major portion of international law emanates from multilateral or bilateral treaties entered amongst states enveloping a vast variety of varied fields. There is an absence of centralised court system implementing international law and to the conflicting each treaty can offer for its own enforcement

Research-Supported Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research-Supported - Essay ExampleIt is therefore because of this reason that this study is aimed at discussing influences of modern technology on the children organic evolution (Internet, cell phones, TV).Presents twain lines of thought where admirers of modern technology argue that it ensure swift communication and quick receipt information. Opposing side conceptualises that technology affects cognitive and physical development of children. Modern technology is usually accredited to the Internet, cell phone, computers and television among others. The entire above mentioned argon summarized as a civilization that is swift, communication rich, information and on the screen. For that reason, it is difficult for children today to imagine a life without computers, the Internet and cell phones. Numerous researchers have, thus, differed concerning the effects of technology on the growth of the contemporary kids. Some believe that technology is the advanced level of human life while oth ers contend that technology has diverse effects on brain development.Presently, children are immersed in technology. some children today, envisioning a life without technological gadgets is like living in the senior generation, and it is difficult for kids to imagine living in the aged generation. This is because technology has projecting all aspects of life. However, in spite of increased use of technology among children, technology has both positive and negative influences which if not observed well, can lead to delinquency all over the modern children. It is therefore because of this reason that this study is aimed at discussing influences of modern technology on the children development (Internet, cell phones, TV).Technology refers to advancement in scientific knowledge utilized for practical purposes, mainly in industry. Modern technology is usually accredited to the Internet, cell phone, computers and television among others. The entire above mentioned are summarized as a c ivilization that is swift,

Families, society and school Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Families, society and school - Research Paper ExampleThe city covers an area of approximately 71 square miles, where population is considered quite dense, as 34,919.6 individuals cover every square mile (Brookly (Borough), New York, 2009). The general household figures in Brooklyn move overes to 21,544, with typical incomes average at 56,293$ (Brooklyn City Profile, 2011). Considering the demographic background, the combination of lower median incomes and densely populated area appeared to converge on one critical issue, family homelessness. Brooklyn City had been recorded to exact one of the soaringest percentages of family homelessness in the state of New York, with a result of 2.86 families, in overall result of 2.90, utilizing shelter programs (Brooklyn, n.d.). While families in such category vie to meet the basic needs of food, water and safe shelter, and basic education of the children (among other child needs) appeared to be neglected in the process. Children, unlike the a dult groups, dominate consistent guidance and protection, as they are not yet equipped with developmental maturity to hold stable jobs. At most, they are at high risk for failure, as their homeless status makes them more liable to experience economic deprivation, family loss or separation (and) social and emotional instability (Mickelson, 2000, p. 66). As they cannot afford to enroll in exclusive middle schools, most go to public middle schools, such as the Seth Low School. Situated in Brooklyns Bensohurst area, Seth Low School is classified as a middle school catering to students from grades six to eight. The said school is considered a brisk educational institution in Brooklyn communities, as it has provided quality service for over 80 years (Seth Low, 2010, p. 5). On average, students enrolled in the school frequently reach to more than a thousand, while the teaching staff in-charge in classroom lessons totaled to 74 instructors. Majority of the students are Asians, closely fol lowed by White Americans, and whatsoever small percentages of Black Americans and Hispanic children (I.S 96 Seth Low, 2011). Committed to achieve the ultimate goal of the school for academic excellence, a variety of programs had been offered to support students in their studies, such as special education students. In line with this, other academic improvements also aimed at involving the families of the schools students in learning, including the two-year witness on integrated computer education, providing computer sets to selected families as part of the Computers for the Youth Initiative. More importantly, community involvement had been considered for the development of its students, partnering with FIAO (Italian-American Organizations) for the sponsorship of student programs that takes place at the exterminate of the day and during weekends. Significantly, collaboration in community settings does not end here, as formal links had been forged to promote initiatives on Counselin g in Schools, original Connections, and the Leadership (Seth Low, 2010, p. 5). Such activities demonstrated the multi-dimensional approach that the school had employed, focusing on the environment factors, such as the family and community that shape their students

Principles of Macroecomomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Macroecomomics - Es sound out Example295). sort 1. Disposable income and MPC Source Miles and Scott (2005, p. 295) It potty be found in any textbooks in macroeconomics that the MPC is link up with the Keynesian income multiplier. Following Mankiw (2009, p. 373-374), the Keynesian multiplier process begins when governance spends. For example, let us say that government spends ?20 cardinal (as mentioned earlier, Mankiws discussion utilize dollars not pounds). If the MPC is ? or 0.75 then the ?20 billion spent by government is received by society as factor payments of ?15 billion wherein, in turn, 75% of the ?15 billion are spent by those who received the payments. In turn, the factors who received the payment of 75% of the ?15 billion ordain spend ? of their income or 75% of 75% of ?15 billion and the chain goes on continuously. According to Mankiw (2009, p. 373), the process continually repeats and goes on indefinitely resulting into a heart and soul spending i llustrated by Table 1. Table 1. MPC and multiplier resulting from initial government spending of ?20 billion Source Mankiw (2009, p. 373) Based on the above, from the Keynesian perspective, government spending multiplies or increases income received by society based on the marginal propensity to consume (Mankiw 2009, p. 373-374). Based on Mankiw (2009, p. 374), the multiplier based on the MPC can be derived as . The foregoing is equal to the following (Mankiw 2009, p. 274) . Economists are concerned with the MPC because the MPC is intimately related with the Keynesian income multiplier. It follows from the multiplier = 1/(1-MPC) that the higher MPC or the marginal propensity to consume, the higher the multiplier is. A low MPC implies a low Keynesian multiplier. As implied by our earlier discussion, Baumol and Blinder (2009, p. 160) discussion is homogeneous but Baumol and Blinders take-off point for the concept of the marginal propensity to consume is disposable income rather than plain income. Disposable income refers to that part of income left afterward taking out taxes and the transfers payments received are added (Baumol and Blinder 2009, p. 157). Based on Baumol and Binder (2009, p. 157), at the macro level, disposable income or DI is DI = gross domestic product - Taxes + Transfer payments = GDP - (Taxes Transfer payments) = Y - T. Miles and Scott (2005, p. 298) provides an interesting illustration of the Keynesian multiplier based on the modelling of the Keynesian perspective through the consumption function. In Figure 2 below, the 45 degree line is the level where spending equals income while PEo is the initial level of spending by consumers, government, and investors. A rise in government spending leads aggregate spending to PE1 such that following the Keynesian perspective, an increase in income from Yo to Y1 results. Figure 2. Marginal propensity to consume and multiplier Source Miles and Scott (2005, p. 298) Miles and Scott (2005, p. 298) prefer red, however, to say that the multiplier shows how much demand rises once all agents have adjusted to an event that generates a change in some component of demand. Following, this interpretation, it is important to psychoanalyze the MPC because initial spending by government or an increase in spending by any one or the consumer, government, or business can increase aggregate spending once all agents have adjusted to the initial increase in spending by any or all of the economic agents. Miles and Scott (2005, p. 299) even pointed out that the larger is the propensity to con

I'M NOT SURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

IM NOT SURE - Essay ExampleOne of the things bulge outsiders are most interested in is the philosophies. Thus, names like Laozi and Zhuangzi are now fall in known than before. This paper shall focus on the philosophies of these two, hitherto, less known philosophers. In the paper I shall explain their philosophies, draw comparisons and contrasts, and then endeavor to point out the superior philosophy among the two.Laozi was born and died during the reign of the Zhou dynasty. He was a firm believer in Taoism. He was a philosopher in then quaint China. His best work was the Tao Te Ching. This has led to him variously to be anointed as the founder of Taoism (pronounced as Daoism). at that place are many a(prenominal) controversies regarding his main work referred to above. There are those who believe that the Tao Te Ching was a compilation of several Tao sayings by several other people over time (Ivanhoe & Norden 113).There is too a side that believes that this was entirely the wo rk of Laozi. This is a situation very much like what Shakespeare faces today. However, there is no contention that he was incredibly gifted. To show how prestigious he might have been during his time, there are works that seem to suggest that Confucius consulted Laozi on matters of morals. There are even myths regarding his birth.Zhuangzi on the other hand, also referred to as Master Zhuang was born in 369 BCE and died aged 83 years old. He is said to have been greatly influenced by the Daoism espoused by Laozi. Therefore they divided up several philosophical viewpoints but inevitably there were differences too. His main work was also named after him (Ivanhoe & Norden 135). Unlike Laozi, less is known about Zhuang.Conversely however, when the detective starts to find material relating to these two philosophers, Zhuangzis philosophies are more readily available. They are also better explained than those of Laozi. The main reason why this is the case is because many people see Zhuan gzi as the inheritor of Laozis crown.

Food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food - Research Paper ExampleThis whitethorn be seen, for example, in the cultural prohibitions against eating pork in the Jewish and Muslim religions this is an essential part of their cultural heritage, and it sets them apart and defines them as a part of their cultural group (James, 3). Food also forms memories, and these memories and associations form the basis for what is ordinarily termed as comfort nutrition. Wansink et al., (740) state that comfort foods argon foods which conjure a comfortable and pleasurable state in the person, and that childhood experienced and social-affective contexts influence these food preferences. The psychological pleasure that these foods bring is based upon the feelings of pleasure and crawl in which are behind these foods. The researchers state that this psychological response explains why some people love liver and onions, while others find this aversive. Moreover, chocolate is lots favored in part because of its association with gift-givin g and rewards in childhood experiences. At the same time, certain foods may have negative connotations, and these negative connotations creates food aversions. Concurs Wood (36), food often has a certain nostalgic appeal that is based upon sentiment, and is often associated with home and contentment. long-familiar foods evoke comfort and psychological benefits. Wood also found, interestingly enough, that when individuals are in the midst of great personal change, they choose familiar favorites less often (Wood, 36). Thus, as Wansink and Wood acknowledge, there is a very powerful memory component in the consumption of food. Whether one remembers mum serving Yorkshire Pudding individually Sunday evening at dinner, or one remembers ones father serving curried chicken, these will be the foods which will be psychologically comforting, because these are the foods which are steeped with memories of home, childhood and love. These will be the foods which will create the nostalgic craving , that, interestingly enough, jibe to Wood, are not as appealing when an individual is passing play through great personal change. While this paper will concentrate on three different regions of the world, and some of the trends or the staples of their diet, James (3) cautions against using stereotypes in ascertaining typical regional diets, given the diversity within cultures for what people prefer to eat. James states that people have an idea about typical diets, such as a typical Italian diet, or Greek diet, or Spanish diet, and this is what gives society at large a general idea of what to expect when see these countries. Furthermore, as each region of the world is influenced by the global nature of society, as well as immigrants into the country and the general fluidity of the populace with regards to travel, food, according to James, has more of a global character than a local one. She points out that olive oil has only become a staple in the provencal region since the end o f the 19th Century (James, 4). Therefore, James argues that regional cooking is influenced by globalization, and, as such, is ever evolving. Since there is such diversity in each of the areas which are explored for instance, even in the United States of America, there are distinctive regions that serve different kinds of foods (southern food is much different than New England food, which is different from westside coast food, etc)

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience Essay

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist feel - Essay Example109). This implies that the application of an array of communications- and computer-assisted, and electronic technologies are being employ to a greater extent to improve the performance and implementation of business operations in the tourism industry, and to enhance tourist experience. One of the primary functions of ICTs is the affect and speeding up of information flow to and from the customers. In addition to the World Wide Web, other technology devices, such as smartphone and GPS, have boosted the tourist experience (Mamaghani, 2009 Cantoni, Kalbaska, & Inversini, 2009). Homogenisation of communication technologies allows global reception of mobile phones. Tourists wont GPS to quickly and conveniently acquire directions and information about present locations. The combination of standard technologies and systems in like manner has given suppliers the opportunity to lessen costs, and enhance the tourist experience. For instance, airline businesses launched mobile check-in by combining the check-in procedure with the newest mobile phone technologies (Frew, 2000 Kourtit et al., 2011). Customers benefit from further ease or convenience and the tourism sector gains from cost efficiency by supplanting employees with kiosks. Other technologies that the tourism sector can use nowadays in order to enhance the tourist experience are the QR Code, augmented reality, MP3 guide, and geolocation marketing. Quick Response (QR) Codes are a kind of barcode that can be seen through QR reading gadgets such as smartphones. QR Code can be used by tourists to access addresses, maps, and locations through their mobile phones (Hall & Williams, 2008). Augmented reality is a latest technology that erases the line separating what is unreal and what is real by improving peoples senses. This technology is guiding tourists and gives them a surreal experience of splendid tourist destinations (Conrady, 2010, p. 248). MP3 guide provides tourists access to maps, from historic destinations to the most popular attractions. This technology eliminates the need for tour guides, and makes the tourist experience convenient and trouble-free (Conrady, 2010). Geolocation is a litigate of detecting a physical location using a wireless device. It can detect a persons longitude and latitude coordinates to identify his/her detailed position. The tourism sector may use geolocation marketing to enhance its services by making local information available to its customers. touristry businesses may sign up its marketing efforts and advertise to local populations (Yunker, 2010, p. 76). Geolocation marketing is giving the tourism sector the opportunity to show services that are offered in specific locations. ICTs in Tourism Much of the progress in the tourism industry is rooted in technology processes and facilities that businesses buy for their standard activities. Recently, ICT systems have produce d numerous process innovations. Processing of accounts, checking in of guests, and bookings has become considerably downsized, and additional facilities for maintenance made operations more versatile and flexible (Zhou, 2004 Ruiz-Molina, Gil-Saura, & Moliner-Velasquez, 2010). Cooper and colleagues (1998 as cited in Page & Connell, 2006, p. 44) have sight that these ICTs are

Explain the role of government in economic matters for each Research Paper

Explain the role of presidency in economic matters for each subculture. Should the government be regulator or supporter Why - Research Paper ExampleThe first of these which will be discussed is that of the individualistic come along. This can be delineate as an approach to governance that places a high level of emphasis upon the predicate that the government should be restricted to allowing a high degree of hole-and-corner(a) initiative. Although not strictly speaking a libertarian interpretation of the governments responsibility to the system and vice versa, it is perhaps one of the more libertarian viewpoints of governments role within society. Ultimately, within this context, government is seen to have a strictly utilitarian purpose ot maximize efficiency without allowing any firm of waste or bureaucracy to drain the productive energies that would oppositewise result.Conversely, a traditionalistic political culture best describes a type of political culture that prizes famil y ties more than the other two which will be enumerated upon. Whereas the individualistic approach tries to minimize the role that government may play within society and or the community, the traditionalistic approach seeks to place a positive role that government can and should integrate with in regards to the community. Whereas other approaches place a great degree of emphasis on a particular determinant, the traditionalistic approach is no different in this respect as it places the highest degree of emphasis on seeking to engage the government in the task of maintaining the social order that is already in existence. In this way, this type of view is inherently conservative as it attempts to maintain the status quo via the usance of governmental power.Similarly, the last form of political culture that will herein be enumerated upon is that of the moralistic political culture. As the name implies, this particular approach places a very high degree of importance on seeking to utili ze the government as a positive force within

Conception of the Citizen in Book Three of Politics Essay

Conception of the Citizen in Book Three of Politics - study ExampleHis area of study remains mostly the Greek assures but he also includes as a part of his study the states that were in make with Greece at that point of time. Aristotle was a part of superannuated Greece and many of his worldviews may appear to be outdated and outmoded to any contemporary observer. However, the value of his contributions lies in the fact that they enabled a discussion of the relative worth of different modes of governing. This played a great role in shaping future constructions of governments and the state. The role of the citizen deep down such structures is also something that Aristotle discussed at length in his book. The importance of such discussions in the contemporary world lies in the fact that they enable the modern policy-making commentator to be aware of the origins of democracy, which is the most favored form of government in todays world. A deep understanding of the origins of this form of government and the earliest objections to it and the earliest appreciations of it is necessary for the smooth working of democracies in todays world. Aristotles understanding of these political structures and his meticulous research into the roots of the problems that he discusses reveals an urge to understand the problems of the Greek states and press for a solution. This displays an objective and non-mercenary approach to the problem of politics, something which may again serve as a model for contemporary commentators. The concept of the role of the citizen in a state is what is discussed at length in Book three of Aristotles work, Politics. This writing shall seek to analyze the concept as it is put forward by Aristotle. The analysis in this paper shall also seek to understand the reasons that Aristotle may have in conceptualizing the citizen in the focal point that he does. The class leanings and the misogyny in the conceptions of the citizen that Aristotle holds shal l be made clear in this paper. An attempt shall be made to look at the conditions in ancient Greece that made it necessary and in a certain sense, inevitable for Aristotle to hold the views that he does in Book three of Politics. The arguments that shall be used in this paper shall employ modern theoretical frameworks such as feminism and Marxism as well, for the analysis of Aristotle. Aristotles conception of the citizen depends greatly upon the kind of state that a someone lived in. in certain cases, he argues that the very question of a persons citizenship had to be questioned for it to be determined eventually whether he or she was a citizen or not. He details the characteristic of a democracy, an oligarchy and a monarchy and the merits and demerits of each, according to the role that the citizen was expected to play in each of these forms of government. Who would be considered to be a citizen and who would not, would also depend heavily upon the character of the government, ac cording to Aristotle. Aristotle thus, destabilized the notion of geographical citizenship. According to this notion, a person would be considered to be a citizen of a exceptional place as long as that person would be present within the geographical boundaries of that state. By doing so, Aristotle makes the status of citizenship extremely contingent upon the needs of the state and also upon the responsibilities and duties of the citizen towards the state. In this

Litrature Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Litrature Review - Article ExampleThough not citing their source of information, they recognise development of tests with late 19th century before its application in the world war. The authors however ensured credibility in subsequent sections of the review that are adequately referenced. These sections include review of types of tests that identifies cognitive ability tests, mechanical ability test, motor and sensor ability test, sensory ability test, and aptitude test with such applications as selection of employees, training and development, team building and development, and career development and progression. The general approach to the authors literature review that relied on numerous and diversified sources further get word the authors good job in establishing a credible review. The authors therefore did a commendable job in reviewing existing literature to consolidate information on the subject. Their findings are valid because they are based on published resources, reliabl e because of the extensive scope of the explored resources, and I concur with the authors opinions that psychological tests are important to violence decisions because the identified concepts are widely practiced (Ajila and Linus,

Critical issues in psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical issues in psychology - Essay ExampleGiven the complexity of gender formations and roles, it is genuinely common to develop gender dysphoria (Crooks and Baur 2008, p.62). Those with a prolonged, extreme degree of transgenderism are known as transsexuals. Transgenderism differs from ones sexual identity because the former is joined with the psychological coefficients of how one views or is viewed ones gender roles (Bockting and Goldberg 2007, p.83). Varying degrees of interpretations and connotations are normally associated with how transgendered people are seen in societies. Cultural aspects too fly the coop a pivotal role in acknowledging individual and social roles for persons with gender dysphoria (Samovar et al. 2009, p.158).Before further probing into the topic some basic ideas need to be defined. Sex is defined as the biological status of a person like male or female which rump be determined by visual inspection during birth. Gender refers to the social status of an y person or rather social manifestation of a persons sex, such(prenominal) as womanhood or manhood (Kendall 2008, p.322). Transgender can be of three types transgender female persons those who have female physical attributes but think of themselves as work force either partially, or fully gender crossing females those who reassign their genders so as to live part or full-time as men and female-to-male (FTM) transsexed those who were natural females sexually but identity themselves as men and live as men do, but have not fully achieved socially recognizable manhood. intimate orientation means a form of romantic, emotional and sexual attractions to men, women, both or neither. A transvestite is one who cross-dresses. Nowadays the term transvestite and transvestite are used synonymously (Valentine 2007, p.263).The exact basis of gender dysphoria is unknown, and there are many debatable possible causes. Sadock et al. argue that gender identity disorders can be

Empire of the Wolves (2002) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Empire of the Wolves (2002) - Term Paper ExampleThis movie is based on a novel by blue jean Christophe Grange and tells a story of young idealistic police captain Paul Nerteaux (Jocelyn Quirin) who has just taken over the case of three Turkish women seamstresses in genus Paris Turkish community. Paul decides to get help from retired cop Jean Louis Schiffer (Jean Reno), as he had patrolled the area for over 20 years but is known for his atypical methods. The movie is an investigation approximately the murders of three women being subjected to an experiment. Though Paul tried to get with Schiffer about the crime he was torn between the judgments of the plenty about his collaboration on the retired cop who practice the unorthodox way of investigating the crime. Even the doctor in charge of the autopsy has given him warnings about the Schiffer. The crime was projected in the movie is actually a crime about experimenting with human bodies for new treatment discoveries. It is a fo rm of murder, which is a infraction of the law and also a form of violation to medical, or bioethics. Whats so real about this movie is the implementation of the violation of bioethics. In Bioethics, humanity should not be part of any technological or any experiments. Experiments should only be limited to a few forms of animals (like mice). In real life, scientists are truly imprisoned and the license is taken from them if they practice experiments with humans just like in this movie where they use surgeries and implants. In real life, so far, thither has been no news about scientists totally doing experiments on humans due to the imposed law about ethics. They are only practicing their findings limited to lab rats, sheep, and unalike animals. This media product though is not far from impossible to happen in the near future. I say its a little bit of improvement of science that violates the law. The investigation by the two cops was a mixture of the orthodox and unorthodox way of doing it. It happens, especially when the officers assigned in such cases are of different principles.

Answer brief questions about hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer brief questions about hinduism - Essay ExampleHowever, despite this, heap spend the daily carriage in a normal way, and this belief makes little to no difference in their day to day living. However, the extent to which an individual gains influence of this belief depends upon his/her religiosity. A highly religious person is too concerned about the world hereafter and thus, lives in this world as a passenger. He/she really considers the another(prenominal) world more important than this world. On the other hand, there are people who run after money and power in this world and sanctify sins despite their knowledge of and belief in the world hereafter. To them, this world is more important than the other one. Thus, it varies from individual to individual, though a vast majority of people value this world more than the other one. 3. Shiva is an interesting character in Hinduism. What does it mean? Hindus hold the belief that all motion that takes place in the universe starts from God and terminates in Him. Since the start of time, the universe has remained engaged in a sustained whirl of activity and change. Sun rises and sets. Moon undergoes a continuous cycle of appearing and disappearing. Likewise, atom that every matter is made up of keeps swirling. This is what Hindus refer to as the dance of Shiva.

Institutional Racism Impact on Education, Employment, and Health Essay

Institutional racial discrimination Impact on Education, Employment, and Health - Essay ExampleAs Ibrahim states in spite of the attempts to equalize educational opportunity for all groups, research on immigrant childrens successful intergration into the education system shows that there is a high drop-out set up among these students.(Ibrahim, insert page number here)For this reason the Second National Institute-Conference hold in Miami, Florida in 1974, took a penetrating look at Institutional Racism and the Impact on Health Care Delivery through in-depth focus on institutional racism. Some Black nurses interacted together in examining and exploring its impact on the health status of the Black consumer followed by planning and developing strategies for affirmative action approaches designed to make a meaningful impact toward change.As for in the sector of employment it has been seen time and again that there is a system working as an open secret that discriminate colored or immigr ants with prank opportunity and salary. This discrimination is based on not only color or political distinction but also is depended upon other factors like class, creed, cast, religion, finish and even ideology.Everything that has been stated above is a part of an ideology that the racist believe to be of ultimate truth.

The Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development Essay Example for Free

The Negative personal effects of Child C ar on Child Development turn outP atomic number 18nt considerIntroduction stir or child care is where parents take appropriate measures to ensure that children buzz off in environment where their emotional, sociable and educational needs are considered. The early stage of a childs life is critical for cognitive, emotional and social developments. Parenthood is a task that requires just time dedication since children require more attention. Parenting similarly requires a lot of skills and energy to understand children wants which thrusts them happy and comfortable. Children also require time to talk and come across with their parents which makes them feel appreciated. Poor parenting makes the children feel aband championd and unwanted since children miss an opportunity to interact with their parents. Household chores such as cooking and washing are genuinely vital to parents, also making children joyful and relaxed. Professionals suggest that parents should engage their children in household work. This makes children to feel that they participate in sm each(prenominal) chores. This allow for as hale hasten the communication involving parents and children and the care give remain integral. Child development depends on secure affection to a principal caregiver. Child development is one of the most signifi slewt stages in a kids life and if the stage is not handled in an appropriate manner, the child is likely to face social and emotional suffering. Parents are left with the task of balancing between office work and their responsibility at infrastructure. This is not an easy task though, but it involves prioritizing and preplanning the plant which will help the parent have an easy time to balance between family life and office life. Parents should ensure they have ample time with their children whenever they are at home. They basin also take children for an outside dinner or shopping. This occasions help to maintain the affectionate rapport between parents and their children. The parent privy ask the children to suggest as they purchase household items and also buy them sweets and gifts. Parents should have conversations with their children whenever they get time to interact. They should ask them about their personal issues, studies among other things which will make feel that their parents are concerned in all phases of their life. Parent or child care involves coping with the children behavior, however it includes correcting and showing appropriate climate of conduct. The parents should not complain express anger or work related tensions to their families. This will make the children feel like they are the cause of pain and gravel to their parents and they may gradually shift away their emotions from their parents. Parent care also involves considering the health of the children since small kids are susceptible to sicknesses such as fever, pneumonia, colds among others. Parent s should also buy the farm their children in their early ages as they gradually become independent. Children tend to rebel from their parents, try new behaviors from peers of the same sex as they grow up. Parental steering and care become more necessary since children are likely to make serious mistakes from the peer influence. Parents should also identify behavioral and learning disabilities from their children since some of these problems can get worse if they are not handled properly. search shows that children who grow in families where development needs are not met are at greater try of delays in either language or learning among other areas. Research reveal that kids who grow in families rich in literacy and learning interactions and additional opportunities to try and use language easily acquire the necessary skills in their early childhood years. Parents are the kids primary and very crucial teachers. Parents should also provide their children with opportunities to inte ract with other people. This is one of the reasons why some children fear to go to school since they do not know how to make new friends. respectable parental care will help children develop social skills such as leadership, compromise and co-operation which are very vital in child development. Research shows that parental gradual exposure to social situations helps kids to face their worries and anxieties. Good parental care will not only help the child to have easily social skills, but it will also help them have self-confidence. Parent can also help the child to speak through practice talks at home via regular conversations. For example, parents can ask open-ended questions to test their kids response. Through listening and sympathizing, parents show their emotional concern to their children. In addition putting jokes in conversations makes the conversation lively as well as lightening up the child mood. This will endorse childs verbal expression and creativity. Through frequen t talks, reads and singing to babies, parent can create a solid foundation for glossary and understanding. This helps the children at school since they can be learn the meaning of a word easily and be able to remember their meanings. Parent can improve a childs word capacity by spending more time with the child. Children need a lot of practice reading which necessitate parent assistance. There are several forms of care which include health care, appearance care, education care and cleanliness care. These different aspects of care manifest themselves in outside care and in home care. In home care is whereby parents show their care to the children at home since home is the initial step for the children to learn happiness and love. Home care is the most significant care step. On the other hand, outside cares is taking care of children from the society and protect them from harm. Parent care becomes more necessary as children grow since the responsibilities become more. In most cases mo thers provide moral care while fathers provide safety and physical care. However, both parents should take care of their children in all phases of life. Parental care is complete when both parents are involved with children affairs. Parents provide different quantity of care and thus children require care from both parents. Parent care is not only providing for the child expenses, feeding the child, clothing or providing shelter, but parent care is showing affection and having time with the children to understand their physical, social and emotional needs. In conclusion, parent care is very crucial to the child development. Parent is the childs first teacher. There are various forms of care health care, cleanliness care, appearance and education care. These forms of care are very necessary to the child especially if both parents are involved. Parent care will make the child to feel appreciated and loved. This improves the relationship between parent and child since the affection rem ain intact. However care should not be exaggerated since it will spoil the child. Excessive care makes the children to be irresponsible and increases the childs dependency to the parent. Thus parents should provide appropriate care to their children.Referenceshttp//childcare.about.com/od/theroleoftheprovider/tp/providerstell.htmhttp//www.prokerala.com/kids/parenting/working-parents-and-child-care.php(2010, 11). The Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 11, 2010, from http//www.studymode.com/essays/The-Negative-Effects-Of-Child-Care-465509.htmlhttp//ar.scribd.com/doc/57435566/Childcare-Essays-Child-Developmenthttp//www.startimes.com/?t=23272210Source document

Discuss research into different type of attachment Essay Example for Free

Discuss research into different type of attachment EssayMary Ainsworth conducted two naturalistic posters, one in the rural community of capital of Uganda in Uganda which lasted for two years and the other in the urban city of Balti more(prenominal) than which had lasted for one year. The aim of this observation was to look at a mother and infant interaction. In both reading she used the same number of participants, which were 26 mothers and their infants. Using the nameless bit she found three different types of attachments that were displayed by the children and the stern found by Main and Solomon. The first study in Uganda she found that some mothers were more sensitive to their infants needs meaning that, they were more capable of providing more details about their infants. The infants of these mothers were steadfastly attached, this means that in their mothers presence they cried little and were more eager to search. This secure attachment led to the infants being m ore independence be move they used their mothers as a secure base that they could run to in time of danger.The second observation took place in Baltimore, America. In this study she and her team did not use a behaviour checklist which means that thither was not certain thing that she was looking for, for example she did not have a paper where she wrote all the behaviour that she was looking for such as anger or sorrow and ticked them off when she witnessed it, she was purely just writing what she had seen. In this observation she found that mother were more sensitive to their infants for the first three months of their lives, meaning that in the one year that she had studied them, only for the first three months the mother, who was sort out as a secure base responded more to the infants needs during that time period. Learning theorist found this confusing, this is because from their understanding, responsiveness to behavioural social releasers, such as crying should act as a reinf orcer and increase the crying, but this was different Anisworth predication which was that behavioural social releasers decrease the caregiver responsiveness.One limit point of these studies is that because it was a longitudinal study, which means that it went over for a long period of time, it whitethorn have causedparticipant attrition, where participants drop out of the study and this may cause problems for her, such as she may not have yet found what she needed. but one strength of the study being longitudinal is that the mother may become more comfortable with the fact of someone observing them so this could led to them being more free and able to express themselves better, and this would be an wages for Mary as she will witness the mothers true personality and behaviour. One limitation of the Baltimore study alone was that her study was not operationalised meaning that she did not trammel what she was observing and this could lead to her finding irrelevant information.In t he Baltimore study we saw that Mary Anisworth conducting her research using the Strange Situation. This method was used to test the nature of attachment systematically. the aim of this was to see how infants behaved under condition of mild stress and novelty, this stress was created by a presence of a stranger and by withdrawal from caregiver this is tests stranger anxiety and separation anxiety. The strange situation also tries to encourage exploration by placing infant in a novel situation which tests the secure base concept.This research takes place in a novel environment, this is a 99 foot square marked off into 16 squares, and this was to benefactor mark the movements of the infants. This method consists of eight episodes, each used to emphasise certain behaviours the behaviour that was assessed was stranger anxiety, this is the distress plantn by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unknown to them. The second behaviour assessed is separation anxiety, t his is the distress revealed by infants when separated from its primary attachment figure. And the last behaviour assessed was Reunion behaviour this is the behaviour shown by infants when reunited with their mother. The results in a strange situation are collected by a group of observers who record what the infants are doing every 15 seconds.Aniworth et al (1978) found that in that respect are three types of attachment that infants had with their caregiver. One of the attachment found was the secure attachment, this is when an infant has a strong and cooperative interaction with their caregiver. These types of infants powerful will not cry if their caregiver leaves the room, but when feeling scared they use their caregiveras safety net that they run to seek blotto bodily contact and although they may not want to leave their caregivers side prematurely, they are easily soothed. They seek and are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy.The securely attached infants are mo re independent this is because they use their caregiver a secure base and because they know that they have this secure base they tend to explore their environment more. Another type of attachment is Insecure-avoidant, this attachment is formed of children that dont like to socially interact with others and tend to avoid intimacy. In the strange situation, when separated from their caregiver these children show little response and do not seek proximity of their caregiver on reunion. If the infant is picked up they may show little or no tendency to cling or resist being put down. These children do not need their caregiver to be there for them to explore, they are quite happy to do it without them. They may also become quite angry because their attachment needs are not met.Furthermore another(prenominal) type of attachment is insecure-resistant, these are children who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction. When separated with their caregiver they show intense distress, o n reunion they may resist being picked up while also trying to maintain proximity. The last type of attachment was found by Main and Solomon (1986) when they done a re-analysis of over 200 strange situation. The fourth attachment that they found was Disorganised this type is characterised by a lack of a consistent patterns of social behaviour. These children empennage show strong attachment, which is suddenly followed by avoidance or looking fearful towards their caregiver or displaying odd movements such as stumbling.In conclusion, there are four types of attachment that children display these are secure attachment, insecure- resistant, insecure avoidance and disorganised and a way to identify what type of attachment a child has is to use the strange situation method, that was first conducting by Mary Anisworth.

The Great Depression in Arkansas Essay Example for Free

The dandy depressive disorder in Arkansas EssayHave you ever wondered about The Great Depression during the 1930s? During that time period 1930-1940, there were harsh times. People got hung, prices were low. Gas price was 5 to 10 cents a gallon. One quart of milk costed 14 cents. During The Great Depression, unemployment rate was 25%. As of today, the unemployment rate is 7.2 percent. It has fallen 18.3% since 1930. People lost jobs because times were so harsh. People got depressed because of unemployment or losing their jobs. Also tidy sum got hung or killed. 27 people got hung/killed. People got mad because they caused them to get unemployed. People got mad when losing their job. People got hung for causing other people to get unemployed.During The Great Depression, 1 quart of milk costed 14 cents. One gallon of milk costed 55 cents. A round steak costed 42 cents. As of 2012 milk costs 4 dollars. A round steak costs 3 dollars. One quart of milk costs 1 dollar. Therefore, to day we have newer automobiles and gas. During The Great Depression, a car costed about 1,000 dollars. As of 2012 a car costs 20,000 to 50,000 dollars. Gas costed 5 to 10 cents a gallon during The Great Depression. As of today gas cost 3.20 dollars a gallon. Finally, The Great Depression 1930-1941 was very harsh times for Arkansas. Some people survived and some people died, people got unemployed and depressed. People went broke the average salary was 1,900 dollars a year.

Enhancements of IC Engines in Real-world Conditions

Enhancements of IC Engines in Real-world ConditionsAatif Shaik, Aditya Upadhyaya R, Gowtham,K N, Sachin B NAbstract Optimizing railway locomotive performance of IC Engines is a very shady field. Other than reputed companies Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), who publish their reports, the rest of the industry does not throw frequently light into aftermarket pass field. As an end-user, a customer wanting to optimize his vehicle in terms of power, mileage usability is often mislead into buying products modifying his automobile that impart adduce no useful gains.This mini-project will be done on 2-wheeler motorcycles ranging from 150cc-350cc. It aims at bridging the gap amongst the products and the end-users knowledge of it. It will take on some(prenominal) such optimizing/modifying techniques, such as inst eithering air-filters, spark plugs, occupy systems, engine oils etc., and try to demystify what is actually happening there for the use of the said end-user.This min i-project will involve raveling of various parameters of an engine, such as Brake Horse Power, Torque, beat Emissions, InletManifold Pressure etc., of a completely line of merchandise Engine. It is over again tested after modifications for the same parameters. The results be and then compared to give an outline of the effect of the modification. Each modification is done separately for the results to be completely supreme of each other. All of the tests are conducted in real-world conditions, so as to ensure the reliability of the result. The final report (end of the project work) will give a much(prenominal) needed clarity on the modifications will also comment on the safety of using such techniques and its cost effectiveness for the end-user.Market Situation In a communication channel motorcycle (factory-made, unmodified), it is so designed that the whole system is as generic as possible. That is, it is supposed to be appropriate for a wide-band of end-users. taking this line, the manufacturers tune down most of the engine parameters in favour of mileage displace efficiency, as these are the two major parameters that an end-user looks while buying the automobile.As time passes, the user, who now is accustomed to the automobile, might feel the need to enhance and optimize his automobile. He hence researches about all the modifications that he can do to his automobiles, so as to increase the performance and efficiency.Parameters for testing Power produced (at the wheels)Torque produced (at the wheels)Fuel efficiencyThese parameters were chosen because of the following reasons Power produced at the wheel was taken, sort of of engine power, because this gives an finished idea of how the motorcycle will perform in the real world. It also includes the losses that will occur due to external conditions, and therefore will give a realistic feel to the test.Torque produced at the wheel was taken, instead of engine torque, because of the same reasons as above, that is, it will give an accurate idea of performance in the real world.Fuel efficiency is an obvious factor and a parameter to be considered, as most endusers will at last look at this for their decisions. It gives an indication of how well the engine is taking the modifications and will also represent whether the modification done is cost-effective or not.Specifications of modifications used Results line of business filter modification For load testing, there is a 1.11sec residual in acceleration timings, in partial load conditions. Whereas, there is a 1.24sec difference in acceleration timings with full load condition. In both cases, the modified motorcycles timings were separate.For the crispness of confine, it was seen that the modified setup has a better crispness than the stock setup.For initial fuel efficiency, it was seen that the stock setup fared better than the modified setup.For the cold starting test, it was seen that there is no difference between stock an d modified setup.Dyno test Synthetic Oil modification For load testing, there is a 2.25sec difference in acceleration timings, in partial load conditions. Whereas, there is a 2.17sec difference in acceleration timings with full load condition. In both cases, the modified motorcycles timings were better.For the crispness of throttle, it was seen that the modified setup has a relatively better crispness than the stock setup.For initial fuel efficiency, it was seen that the stock setup fared better than the modified setup.For the cold starting test, the stock setup fared badly, whereas the modified setup.Dyno tally Exhaust Muffler modification For load testing, there is a 2.1sec difference in acceleration timings, in partial load conditions. Whereas, there is a 1.65sec difference in acceleration timings with full load condition. In both cases, the modified motorcycles timings were better.For the crispness of throttle, it was seen that the modified setup has an extremely good crispness when compared to the stock setup.For initial fuel efficiency, it was seen that the stock setup fared better than the modified setup.For the cold starting test, it was seen that there is no difference between stock and modified setup.Dyno Test Discussions Air Filter The modified setup performed better than the stock setup, because of the extra amount of air going into the engine cylinder. This allowed the fuel teared to calibrate and add more fuel to the air-fuel mixture, thereby gaining power.In the modified setup, as there is no restriction, aside from the filter material, the engine was free to suck air to its maximum capabilities, allowing the fuel-injection system to inject more fuel, thereby increasing power and torque. This is seen as the constant increase throughout the power-band.The crispness of throttle was better in modified setup because the lesser obstruction in the intake system, which allowed air to be sucked in freely.Cold-starting was not affected because of the f uel-injected system, which automatically calibrates the appropriate amount of fuel to be injected in all conditions.Synthetic Oil The modified setup performed better than the stock setup, as the synthetic oil gives better lubrication than the stock setup.This is due to the inherent nature of the synthetic oil, which provides better lubrication and wear-resistance throughout all temperatures with respect to stock mineral oil.The crispness of throttle was better in modified setup because the lesser friction, which allowed that engine to increase freely and quickly.Due to greater lubrication, lesser friction was present, thus minimizing friction losses, which attributed to the higher power and torque output in the modified setup.Cold-starting was better in modified setup, as the inherent nature of the oil made less viscous allowing it to start freely and quickly, compared to stock setup.The synthetic oil also kept the engine temperature lower than the stock setup, thus further helpin g it to work efficiently.Exhaust Muffler The modified setup performed better than the stock setup, as the free-flow exhaust muffler allowed the exhaust gases to flow out more freely than the stock setup.This allowed the piston to have lesser load on it to push the gases out, therefore big(p) a higher power and torque output.This can be seen in the consistent increase in power and torque from 3500rpm.As the load on the piston decreased, the engine was allowed rotate freely, thus giving it a more free nature, whereas the stock setup constricted the engine very much.The crispness of throttle was better in modified setup, because of the free flowing gases in the exhaust system, which allowed that engine to push more and more gases out for the same rpm.Cold-starting was not much different compared to stock setup, as the starting depended on initial air-fuel mixture temperature, which doesnt get affected by this modification.Final Conclusion It depends on the end-user on whether he wants to do certain modifications. From the results and discussions, we can see a general increase in performance for all the modifications used, provided those are done under separate procedures. These results were fairly satisfying, and also laid to rest some of the general misconceptions that were attached to such modifications.Apart from power enhancing, the mini-project also tried to bridge the gap between the aftermarket modifications and the customers knowledge of it. Dealing with how the actual results of how a modification might work-out and whether their claims were correct. It is concluded that the manufacturers claims of increasing power and performance which are indeed true, But the manufacturer also claims increase in mileage which is not true since it comes with of a small drop of mileage. If the end-user can adjust with the drop, then they can find the modifications useful.References Effect of Intake air filter condition on vehicle fuel economy.By Kevin Norman, Shean Huf f, Brian WestUnited States Department of Energy.Synthetics vs mineral OilsBy A JacksonExhaust Tuning on 4 stroke Engine experimentation simulationBy Gordon P Blair, D.O Mackey , G.F ChatfieldSociety of go EngineersInternal Combustion Engines MIT Open CoursewareProfessor. Wai Cheng

Ancient China: Politics, Social Structure and Culture

antediluvian patriarch chin alert Politics, Social Structure and CultureThe ancient Chinese had lived in primitive villages, and were in the main farmers or hunters. many an(prenominal) villages were surrounded by a strong wall to protect the village from enemy attacks. The land in which the farmers worked was owned by the emperor moth and the nobility. The farmers, who were excessively called peasants, rented the land paying for its use by various services such as working on the nobles land or entering war.Many ancient Chinese never let left hand the village they were born in. there were public wells for drawing water and a local run across place would be held in a courtyard. There were markets in each village in which farmers sold their livestock, vegetables and fruit. Family life was the heart of society in Ancient china. Events such as births and weddings were widely celebrated by the entire village.The men and women in each village worked unitedly farming. An important and crucial task the villagers share were digging ditches, so the water would run from the canals to the field and crops in which they would be watered.Farmers used oxen and water buffalo to pull ploughs wagons and carts. The common farm animals in that time were pigs and chickens. This is because there werent enough large farm animals to provide manure, instead human faeces were used to fertilise the crops.Leadership and politicsAncient China was ruled by emperors. According to historical evidence, it was thought that the emperors authority to rule was granted from heaven, in which each emperor was called the son of heaven when an emperor disjointed power/authority, it was believed that he had committed something wrong according to the heavens.The emperors generally lived a different life than the ordinary people. They owned all the land, in which great part of it were given to the nobles. They lived in abundant wealth, surrounded by their many wivess, servants and cooks. A cons tant stream of entertainment consisting of artists, singers, musicians and dancers were at his command.No unmatched was permitted to approach or speak first to the emperor. People had to bow and kneel in his presence, showing the upmost respect.Although it was a luxurious lifestyle, it was an isolated existence as well. Emperors rarely left their places. On very rare occasions, the emperor would leave his rook grounds, although the roads were blocked and the emperor was carried in a enclosed carriage.Governors and officials assisted the emperor in the smooth running of Ancient China. Governors were based in diverse regions throughout Ancient China where they administered and imposed laws of the emperor of the day. They collected taxes. Governors were also involved in management of farming and they supported the development of new farming methods. Some officials were based in the palaces of the emperors, assisting in simple chores such as cleaning and flush keeping the emperor inf ormed on what is going on.The most important officials for the emperor were his eunuchs. Eunuchs were men who had been castrated when they were small boys. This is because as they were brought up in the palace and worked with the emperor, they posed no sexual threat to him. In which allowing the emperors bloodline to continue. Eunuchs worked as the emperors cooks, tailors and cleaners. They also looked after the emperors children. Sometimes eunuchs became powerful within the palace, they became entrusted by the emperor.Social complex body partThe social structure of China was divided into five social classesRulers this would be the emperor and governor officials. These are people with high authority and of great wealth.Nobles the nobles were also a wealthy class. They owned large areas of land and lent it to the farming peasants. In which the farmers pay was often high. Nobles wore silk clothing, and lived a life of utter luxury. Although they were constantly aware of having to ple ase the emperor. If the emperor was displeased, he could in an instant wipe out a nobles land and wealth.Merchants merchants may have been quite wealthy, but they were not see in Ancient China. In fact they were often treated badly under the rule of various dynasties. They were forced to pay much higher taxes than others. scorn this, they played an important role in Ancient China. Merchants produced businesses which were essential for day -to -day life.Peasants peasants were the farmers. They were the largest part of the population in Ancient China, making up approximately 90% of the entire population. The peasants were generally very poor and lacked of education. Sometime peasants were forced to sell their children into slavery in order to pay off their debts. They had to grow enough crops to use up their family and pay large amounts of money to the nobles for the rent of land.Slaves slavery was not as committed in Ancient China than other ancient civilizations. Slave in China w ere forced to do strenuous hours of labour, and were treated in terrible conditions.CulturePaintingAncient Chinese artists painted amazing works on silk and on paper. Often flowers and animals were depicted. Landscapes were also very common. Animals were used in their art to form human aspects. Ancient Chinese artists portrayed works that mainly underscore on naturePoetryPoetry was very popular in Ancient China. Many poets wrote about love and sadness in their poets they also keep back comments on war and social upheaval.Chinese writingChinese writing is very different from English. English is a phonetic language. Meaning the letters represent sounds but not meaning. Chinese writing system developed with pictographs. These are simple drawings when combined represent/express an idea. E.g. the pictures of sun and moon when drawn together mean brightMusic and danceMusic and dance were part of everyday life in Ancient China. Drums, gongs and pipes were common instruments used in that time. Chinese music is based on a five-tone scale, as western music is based on an eight-tone scale. This is why it sounds so different.ArchitectureMost people in Ancient China could not afford to live in fancy houses. They lived in small houses made of mud brick. The house would generally contain one room and a dirt floor. In northern China, the doors of these houses would generally face south, in order to keep out the cold north windOf course, recondite people had larger and fancier houses.All ancient Chinese architecture was built according to strict rules of design that made Chinese buildings follow the ideas of Taoism or other Chinese philosophies.The first design idea was that buildings should be long and low. Roofs would be held up by large columns. The second idea was inspired by Taoism, the idea was symmetry. Both sides of a building should be the same, balanced, just like Taoism emphasised balance.During the different dynasties, ideas of architecture changed. The biggest architectural change in Ancient China was during the Han dynasty (around 200 B.C.) this is when the new reign of Buddhism was bought into Ancient China. Chinese Buddhists began to build pagodas.ReligionIn the Shang dynasty, people in Ancient China worshipped many gods. much(prenominal) as weather gods and sky gods. Including a higher god who ruled among the other gods, this god is called Shang-Ti. People living in the Shang dynasty also believed that their ancestors -their grandparents and parents became like gods when they died. As well the ancestors wanted to be worshipped, like gods. Each family worshipped

Information Technology In Marketing Of Tourist Destination Tourism Essay

Information Technology In Marketing Of Tourist cultivation Tourism EssayInformation technology is becoming more and more the of import element of everyday life. It is widely expenditured in descent activities, as wellspring as in leisure time at home. This also applies to tourerry as a form of human activity. Tourist enterprises ar signifi bathtly using nurture technology for selling purposes. This applies to the field of support in merchandising decision reservation as well as the field of communication and sale. However, for the purpose of marketing, training technology is used in tourism by unrestricted sector, unique(predicate)ally by national, regional and lokal touring car organizations dealing with marketing for their aras (countries, regions, places) as tourist cultivations. Thus this paper takes into consideration the possibilities of the use of breeding technology in tourism destination marketing. Explained are various instruction technologies, applied in tourism and their present and potential role in the marketing of destination is assessed. delimitate is the term of electronic market, together with electronic marketing as marketing activities carried out on electronic market with the assistance of development technology. The need to incorporated electronic marketing in the whole strategy of tourism destination marketing is also pronounced. For this paper relevant literature was used, mostly from the field of marketing, however also of new(prenominal) economic and historic methods.Keywords marketing in tourism, marketing strategy, tourist market, information technology, electronic marketing, destination marketing systems.INTRODUCTIONFor successful and transactionlike business in an environment characterized by dynamism, information and globalization, it is essential to be flexible and react quickly to any changes on the market. Such associations reaction whitethorn be only the result of unbroken, rapid and accurate flow of information enabled by information technology and information systems. In industrialize countries, information and knowledge represent a new base of overall operation, present in all spheres of production, tourism, trade and re victimisations, to non-economy and state administration.Continuous development of information and communication technologies during the last decade has had a profound implication on tourism. In the modern business conditions, for enterprises in tourism, it is important to consider two forms of technical competencies in order to achieve competitiveness. These are the areas of computer technology and communication technology.Computer technologies include achievements in the field of hardware, software, etc.. Achievements in the field of hardware interpret almost limitless opportunities for the development of software programs designed to solve any problems. Communication technologies enable solving the problems of transfer of information. Message transmis sion rate is incessantly increasing.Application of ICT in enterprises in the tourism, digitize all figure outes in the field of tourism, catering, travel, etc.. Also, these technologies affect all business functions in the tourism industry gross sales and marketing, pay and accounting, procurement, research and development. At the tactical level, this includes e-commerce and drill of information technology (IT) to maximize efficiency and effectiveness of organizations in the tourism industry through the reduction of operational costs and communications costs. In addition, IT enables more effective strategic decision making through improved management processes, control procedures, more efficient resolution to changes in the environment and equal. Constant interaction with customers and partners alleviates to be more flexible and competitive in determine, which empennage attach the yield of the company. Sales control enables company to adjust products and prices to the re quirements of consumers, as well as to initiate promotional companies and similar, in the quest to maximize sales.The efficiency of the tourist economy of a country or destination will largely depend on the total computerization of business enterprises in tourism, and the availability of tourism products presented through the modern computer technology. The do of the implementation of information technology are numerous and primarily relate to better information and faster transaction, to signifi set uptly improving operations in many an(prenominal) areas on the tourist market.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM DESTINATION MARKETINGTourism is a complex, open system which is tranquil of set of subsystems and their interaction of resulting socio-economic and natural phenomena and familys. Its subsystems, themselves are composed of a set of consume elements such as system of holders supply (accommodation facilities, restaurants, airlines, retail trade, built attractions, activities, et c.) subsystem intermediaries (tour operators, travel agencies), subsystem of business associations and chambers, a subsystem of the public sector (state government activity responsible for tourism, national, regional and local tourism organizations, tourist information centers, etc.) a subsystem of tourists (consumers), a subsystem of residents (both because of the importance of their attitude towards tourists as well as user of the kindred facilities and services), as well as cogitate services subsystem (guide service, educational institutions etc.).Tourism is an activity that involves movement and stay of people in such places that are non places of their permanent residence. They visited other countries, religions, settlements, and this is called by a name a tourist destination.Since there is no place on earth, which tourists do non visit, it should be show that, in the context of modern tourism, a place post become a destination only as a result of two sets of related ac tivities the development of facilities designed for meeting the needs of tourists who visit the destination and the existence of the destination marketing activities such as the tourists offers in places where it is needed.Marketing in tourism is management philosophy by which holders of tourist and business policies tend to create and maintain the target group of tourists through the identification and (effective and efficient) trying to meet their needs, and on that basis to achieve their organizational goals and social interest.Today in the international tourism, countries, regions and cities are competing as a destination, not just companies. Marketing of products of tourism destinations can not be left only to the enterprises because they are not familiarly capable to support independently, financially or otherwise such efforts. For this reason it is necessary that such activities are d ace by Tourist policy holders, and various state bodies which are responsible for tourism ( such as public sector). But we should not underestimate the role and importance of the various initiatives of the hush-hush sector.The development of mass tourism has threatened and somewhere damaged not only natural except also mans total environment. It is necessary to take into account the long-term interests of society (ie, destination) and preserve the environment (natural, socio-cultural and other) so that the tourist destination would not become a victim of its own development. Therefore, the application of marketing in tourism assumes the acceptance of concept of socially responsible marketing.Marketing in tourism, in general, has a compute of specific details that are related to tourism as an activity. These are intangibility of services, their connection with those who provide them, variability of quality, the impossibility of their storage, significant time withdrawnness between the decision to purchase and own consumption, a good deal weak loyalty to the brand, focu sing demand to offer, seasonal concentration of demand, its heterogeneity and flexibility, heterogeneity and inelasticity as well as high risk in buying their product.It should be said that besides the numerous features of marketing in tourism in general, a tourist destination carries additional specifics that arise from the following characteristics Tourist destination, regardless of physical covers, usually has a multifunctional character spatial coverage tourist destination, that is seen by tourists, often differs from the mavin that is seen by the destination authorities It may happen that some sets of objectives of public and private sectors do not overlap or that they are in conflict the destination method of using the product differs substantially from the use of any product or services, and finally, those who manage the destination (which is the public sector), have light or no control over the various elements of the tourist destination.Specific services include marketing and use of specific marketing concepts, besides the one related to the four marketing mix instrument. It is about internal marketing and interactional marketing.Destination marketing organizations (DMO) can implement internal marketing on three levels the micro level, ie. within the DMO, where the main target audience is the personnel employed in the DMO, then at the level of tourist activity, where the target is the employees in the industries of tourism and finally at the destination as a whole, where the target audience is the residents. Talking about interactive marketing opportunities the implementation of these activities is smaller than in the elusion of internal marketing. It is of great importance for the marketing of a tourist destination to maintain and improve the relations with tourists that are usually committed towards attitudes and behaviors of service providers. Interactive marketing has its place in the domain of tourism information centers and checkpoints, thro ugh constant contact, by providing information, assistance and in processing complaints.2. INFORMATION engineering IN DESTINATION MARKETINGInformation technology, by itself, can not be a source of lasting competitive advantage of tourist destination. It may contribute hardly to the competitive advantage through its impact on strengthening the microeconomic basis of competitiveness which consists of human resources, physical infrastructure, administrative infrastructure, information infrastructure, scientific and technological infrastructure, developed domestic market and competition, advance(a) and demanding request.In the marketing of tourist destinations, its application is found in a large issuance of information technologies teletext, videotext, information kiosks, computer reservation systems, global distribution systems, destination marketing systems, databases, bright systems and the net.2.1. TeletextTeletext is a technology of one-way broadcasted information through cont inuous transmission of groups of information in cycles from one center, along with broadcasted television signals. The idea of this invention was patented in early seventies in the UK, and the idea was to freehanded the lines of TV signal which were not used for transmission of video signals and to assert an additional digital signal. The digital signal carries the information presented in the form of numbered pages, which can show text and images. Decoded information in order to be read on screen requires TV with decoder. Pages of information are broadcast in cycles, and the user, with the help of the keyboard, select the desired page. The disadvantage of Teletext, in this regard lies in the fact that it must wait until the desired page appears in the broadcast cycle. This limits the capacity of several(prenominal) hundred pages which means that the selection and detailed information are limited.For the purposes of the tourist industry, the home information system, can provide upd ated information, such as weather forcast, barter conditions on roads, time of departure and arrival of aircraft and trains etc.. Besides this, there is the possibility to make a purchase, for example, which means to buy the package of tourist arrangements and to buy for it by the phone with the credit card. This is tokenly suitable for the package of arrangements that are unsold just before the start of travel.2.2. VideotextVideotext is an electronic system for sending information and messages that allows nonpartizan communication, usually by telephone, with the information shown in the form of text or graphics on a custom TV or some other terminal such as personal computers.Videotext services are used both in private and in business purposes. Some of the information can be obtained via videotext services include news and weather, training or education at home, tourist information, catalog sale. Besides this, videotext can be used to practice the reservation of tickets, cinema, various calculations (eg calculation of interest), then to send messages between users.Videotext can be publicly openingible or private, or restricted to private users (so-called closed-user group). publically available videotext was developed in many countries. Travel agencies, particularly in the UK, often use videotext. Thus, the British passenger agents, through any of the existing videotext system, can get information about departure and arrival times, and prices of all major air and ferry companies, and prices on the rent-a-car services, the be places in charter flights and the remaining package information on visas, exchange rate etc..Videotext in the tourism industry is far more used to getting information kind of than booking. When it comes to usual travel (leisure travel) especially the package in the UK, in most cases, these products can be booked on-line exclusively through videotext. On the other hand, in Germany, for example, tour operators in this regard are less restrictive, and through videotext book only a few percent of the package arrangement. Booking services for business travelers, for the most part use the computerized reservation systems, airlines and system-START Amakeus.France is the only country in Europe (and in the world) with the wide use of videotext system in business and private purposes, with device in millions of offices and homes. A study done for the French national telecommunications company and the Ministry of Tourism in 1991, has shown that the use of for accumulation information on tourism services among its customers is popular, although lagging behind the brochures and information presented by travel agencies.2.3. Information kiosksDevelopment in the field of information technology has led to the appearance of information kiosks. It is the kind of information system for the independently access of the client and autonomously usage. New generation systems are of multimedia characters, consisting of computers, s peakers, keyboard (required if your monitor is not the type of touch-screen), CD-ROM drive, sometimes the small printer and stored in robust housing. They are usually set in the hotel lobby, shopping centers, at the airports, bus and railway stations and on similar places. Users (tourists) can freely approach and use it to get the specific information (through text, images, video and sound), and to book the accommodation. The features of information kiosks are1Good balance in the use of different media,Good quality content,Simple but clear and understandable organization of content, consent in the way the material is fragmented, connected and presented on the screen,Consistency in the presentation of different functionality andIt links clearly the meaning and function (sometimes with explicit explanation).Information kiosks have also disadvantages. There may be invalidating impacts on the environment (noise and general excitement). Availability / accessibility of kiosks may depend on the working hours where they are located. Also, the frequency locations lose their privacy in obtaining the information through the kiosks, as passers and those waiting in line for the kiosk can see (and hear) the information that is broadcasted across the screen of the kiosk.In any case, information kiosks are widespread in tourism information technology and are devoted to the visitors on the destination. Their function is to inform the tourists and persuade them to stay longer in the particular destination as well as to spend more money there.2.4. CD-ROMCD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) system allows the laser duncish disc to store colored recordings hotel, gallery, landscapes, cities etc. and to dis escape them by color-screen personal computers that are installed in travel agencies. This new technological innovation is often called electronic brochure. It allows potential tourists to view any selected destination or partial tourist products and facilitate a decision on purchase. Electronic brochures can be made by national and regional and local tourism organizations, tour operators, hotels, owners of computerized booking system CD-ROM (or video disc) is very suitable for mixed use with videotext system. Namely, videotext has access to large databases that are updated continuously, but is limited to their text and simple graphic display. On the other hand, video-disc is inflexible from the point of updating the information (once registered the information on laser compact disc can not be deleted), but the possibility of displaying static and moving images of high quality and sound. Thus, for example tourists travel mission or tourist information center can require hotel accommodation in a particular destination. Videotext on its page gives information on pricing and availability but the image of the hotel, room etc., are shown by a video-disc.2.5. Computer reservation systems, tourism enterprises (CRS)Reservation systems are the most important el ement in the system of distribution of tourist services. Their formation is the result of the desire of management in tourism enterprises to establish pre-booking system, which, with price changes and the formation of waiting lists, is one of the techniques of controlling demand in the short term, without changes to the offer. In addition, the reservation system enables organizations whose resources are not limited to better demand and accordingly to that it takes steps to increase supply. Also, CRS enables providers of tourist services to maximize capacity utilization through price changes and rearranging the package of services, and sometimes through the transfer (re luff) consumers with the products whose demand exceeds the offer to those with weaker demand.CRS may be organized in one of three ways2 As manual (manual) system, where the requirements are taken by the phone, and then enroll in these special books, diaries, and tables As a computerized system where the requirements a re also received by phone, but all records of the reservation is processed and stored on a computer As a fully automated computer reservation system, for which agents have directly access (on line) from terminals in their offices and perform booking.2.6. Expert systemsExpert systems have found their first application in a highly structured problem solving in science and engineering. In the field of tourism about they appeared during the mid-eighties of the last century, when it began with the development of prototypes of these systems for operational and physical management of tourist companies, especially for airlines and large hotels. Expert systems contain the knowledge of experts in such form to enable them to bid for specific problem solutions or make intelligent decisions. Expert system should have the ability to explain and justify its conclusion, as well as the ability to do data on actions with uncertain consequences. Characteristic of these systems is that they are able to remember the good solutions and include them in the bank of knowledge for later use in solving other problems. For management purposes, the adoption of such systems and learning about them are essential.The relatively recent literature, which covers the area of application of information technologies in tourism, began to work the issue of application of expert systems in advising tourists in selecting the most appropriate destination. Expert systems in this regard could be used as agents of assistance (travel counselors) in providing assistance to tourists in the choice of destinations and services in total. The tourists can find the same application but without the agent.What are the prospects in the area of application of expert systems in destination marketing? Apart from the expert systems which should help in the selection of one, the most suitable destination between multiple options, which in this case are (controlled) means of marketing, there remains the possibility of ap plying for a narrower or wider destination, in order to assist in choosing the best routes and itineraries, and according to preferences of tourists, regardless of whether the tourists had direct access or through an agent. Expert systems have not had wide application in this area or agents in the area of assistance in giving advice to tourists. The reason for doing this, is a great complexity in modeling preference for intangible products and expand of the scope of influence on decision-making process. The immediate coming(prenominal) will not bring significant changes in this regard. We should expect the first concrete attempt to introduce expert systems in travel agencies, while the process of implementing the expert system with direct access will go slower except, perhaps, over the Internet.2.7. Tourist information systems on the InternetThe rapid development of Internet at the end of 90 years has brought a revolution in tourism. The Internet has moved the gap between consumers and businesses and it enables interactive communication and trade. Tourism has unendingly been a complex activity, which is based on a partnership between the individual organizations within a defined system of values. Distribution channels in tourism include the number of stores which include travel agencies, tour operators and other organizations. B2B Internet commerce has enabled many organizations in the tourism industry to redesign its business operations and expand their business models.We can say that almost every serious company in the tourist economy in the developed countries, has its own website. This applies to the airlines, hotel chains, RAC companies, railways. But in less tourist companies that are seen on the Internet as a relatively inexpensive medium for getting the international market. It is enkindle to note that due to the relatively rapid acceptance of the Internet by the tourist customer and there occur authors who speak of the end of the tourist agencies a nd the absence seizure of the needs of their mediation. As well as it shows the need of the agencies to get know its customers, and the profile of the tourists (in fact develop Database marketing) so not to remain without them.With the new information technology, especially Internet, Marketing department is changing rapidly in five fronts3From mass marketing to database marketing. Given that companies tend to all aspects of the organization work smarter, making more with less, the cost of unsuccessful advertising will grow. For these reasons, marketing experts must, use the technology of data gathering to target more precisely desired segments of their propaganda. This involves collecting more customer information and customizing the message by using the information needs of the target audience and to make the differentiation between products and services.From mass media to interactive media. Customers increasingly want to choose when, where and how to meet the holders offer. This m eans addressing the individual needs of clients and services in a way that the client prefers. Interactive media will play a critical role in this process and it should be involved in marketing strategy at the first opportunity.From the market share to the relationship wealth. Since marketing departments can serve rather than sell their performance should be measured differently. The emphasis will be on the wealth of relations with consumers, rather than just the market share. To be effective, this transition must be strongly communicated to all levels of the company.From sales to service customers. Marketing no longer means to use up your message to the widest possible audience. It means to take care of customers. It moves into production, logistics, customer service centers, help desks, helping to remove barriers in the way of sale to consumers.From technologically sophisticated to the most creative. The Internet was not for many marketing departments important thing but it was a n interesting thing. Today, it is a basic requirement in all marketing strategies. In the past, the best marketing experts, they were most creative. Today, the best marketing experts are those who are most technology sophisticated. The importance of creativity remains, but the importance of having technologically sophisticated use of marketing, gives opportunities for geometric growth.Internet is not used only for tourist information, but also for sale. Association of American hotels and motels (AHRMA) points out that electronic sales service accommodation over the Internet beginning of the XXI century has reached a value close to 3 billion USD.4All important tourist destinations of the world have their presentations on the Internet (or more accurately on the Word Wide Web). It is a medium that no one wants to drop in their marketing activities.Our country is connected to the Internet from 1996. year. Since then a number of tourist companies, as well as some destinations, develop th eir presentations on the Internet. further it is increasingly used to collect different information in order to find new content, for monitoring communication, for creation and design of tourist services.CONCLUSIONFrom the sales booth of marketing tourist destinations, teletext and videotext have almost no potential. CD Rom has been a traditional marketing tool known as Electronic brochure, although a number of destination presentations on the CD Rom suffer from the stereotype views. Information kiosks are designed for those who have already visited the destination, in order to fall out their stay and increase consumption. In that sense, it is a widespread technology. Computer reservation systems, tourism companies, including global distribution systems, are oriented to increase the efficiency of sales, because the transaction. Therefore, the weak interest for a marketing destination is expressed. Many of the destinations marketing organizations (DMO) with the construction of de stination marketing systems make their destination more accessible electronically. Experiences are different, and it is obvious that we should wait with giving the final score. Database of visitors can be a solid foundation for database marketing. In fact, it is necessary to set up and develop a coherent system of collecting data on visitors, in cooperation with the private sector (eg tourism industry). Expert systems, for now had wider application in the area of destination marketing, and the first attempts will be related to the operation of travel agencies. The Internet probably carries the greatest potential, particularly because of the possibility of combining with other information technologies. Destination marketing organizations is already using the Internet for their activities. Despite its limitations, it is certain that the Internet will have a significant place in integrated marketing activities of tourist destinations.